Many people go for link purchase to improve page rank. It is considered as black hat seo and crticized by Google. Such technique is considered as manipulation of search results and a violation of Google’s quality guidelines. These guidelines are prime focus of Google’s Penguin update. It’s interesting that there seem to be exceptions to the rule, such as a directory like Best Of The Web, which has users pay for their sites to be considered for links.
The value chain of a company is part of over all value chain. The over all competitive advantage of an organization is not just dependent on the quality and efficiency of the company and quality of products but also upon the that of its suppliers and wholesalers and retailers it may use. The analysis of overall supply chain is called the value system. Different parts of the value chain 1. Supplier 2. Firm 3. Channel 4 . Buyer
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