Shruti Speak's

HISTORY  OF EDI ¢   It was not until the 1970’s, when work began for national EDI standards. ¢   Both client and vendors input their requirements to create a set of standard data formats that —   were hardware independent; —   were unambiguous and could be used by all trading partners; —   reduced labor-intensive tasks such as data-entry; —   allowed the sender of data to control the exchange including receipt confirmation of by the other party EDI implies  the computer-to-computer exchange of business data in a standard,   machine-processable format.   The information is generally patterned after a conventional paper document, such as a purchase order or invoice. It is a “paperless trading” Components of EDI ¢   Trading Partner A trading partner is any company, government department, or commercial or non-commercial entity with whom an organization regularly exchanges documents of formatted data (not just letters or memos ¢   Tradin

¢ Private corporate network ¢ Uses standard Internet protocols — TCP/IP — HTML and HTTP — Browser and Web server ¢ Internet and intranet differences — Intranet is smaller in scope — Intranet limited to organization’s employee       Steps ¢ Analyze the organization’s information ecology   ¢ Identify the typical problems experienced by users   ¢ Analyze the information behaviors of these set of users   ¢ Create value added processes to resolve the problems of users and to improve the Information Ecology.  

Intranet is Intra+ Net so an Intranet is an internal or private Internet used strictly within the confines of a company, university, or organization. "Inter" means "between or among," hence the difference between the Internet and an Intranet. Some formal definitions of Intranets ¢ “Intranets help present and   circulate boundary objects” ¢ “Intranets… support the creation, sharing, and use of knowledge” ¢ “Intranets are organizationally restricted”

¢ The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers   (ICANN) is an internationally organized, non-profit corporation that has responsibility for Internet Protocol (IP) address space allocation, protocol identifier assignment, Top-Level Domain name system management, and root server system management functions. — ICANN performs the IANA functions — ICANN accredits domain-name registrar for .com, .org., .net (and other domain)   ¢ Since ICANN performs the IANA functions, it is in charge for allocating all numbers. However, the main concern is the allocation of domain names. ¢ ICANN role is to oversee the domain-name registration system's   transition from government hands to private hands and to coordinate its decentralization and the integration into a global community.

¢ The functions associated with the assignment of   numbers in the Internet is referred to as Internet Assigned Number Authority (IANA). ¢ IANA serves as a registry that keeps records of assigned numbers: — IP addresses — Protocol numbers — Domain names (until 1992) ¢ There is no charge for allocation.

¢ Internet Society (ISOC): Founded in 1992, an international nonprofit professional organization that provides administrative support for the Internet. Founded in 1992, ISOC is the organizational home for the standardization bodies of the Internet. ¢ Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF): Forum that   coordinates the development of new protocols and standards. Organized into working groups that are each devoted to a specific topic or protocol. Working groups document their work in reports, called Request For Comments (RFCs). ¢ IRTF (Internet Research Task Force): The Internet Research Task Force is a composed of a number of focused, long-term and small Research Groups. ¢ Internet Architecture Board (IAB) : a technical advisory group of the Internet Society, provides oversight of the architecture for the protocols and   the standardization process ¢ The Internet Engineering Steering Group (IESG) : The IESG is responsible for technical managem

¢ Traditional core applications:   Email   News   Remote Login   File Transfer ¢ The killer application:   World-Wide Web (WWW) ¢ New applications:   Videoconferencing   Telephony   P2P applications   Internet Broadcast

Mid 1960   :   Papers on “Packet Switching” emerge. End 1969s:   ARPA sponsors the development of a                       packet-switching network, called the                      ARPANET.   1974:   The TCP/IP protocols and model are               being   p roposed by Cerf/Kahn.   1980:   IPv4 is introduced   1983:   ARPANET adopts TCP/IP. At this time,                      the ARPANET has 200 routers.   1984:   NSF funds a TCP/IP based backbone             network. This backbone grows into the             NSFNET, which becomes the   successor of             the ARPANET.     1995:   NSF stops funding of NSFNET. The                       Internet is completely commercial.

The value chain of   a company is part of over all value chain. The over all competitive advantage of an organization is not just dependent on the quality and efficiency of the company and quality of products but also upon the that of its suppliers and wholesalers and retailers it may use. The analysis of overall supply chain is called the value system. Different parts of the value chain 1.  Supplier     2.  Firm       3.   Channel 4 .   Buyer