Skip to main content

INTERNET


Internet is defined interconnected network of  thousands of network and millions of computers linking business, educational institutions, govt. agencies and individuals together.
The word internet itself has been derived from the word '' inter-network .''

World Wide Web is one of the most popular service that provide access to billions of pages.
Internet has evolved in the last 40-50 years. The history of internet can be divided into 3 Phases-
1.Innovativeness (1961 - 1974)
2.Institutionalization (1975 - 1995)
3.Commercialization (1995 - till date )

1. THE INNOVATIVENESS PHASE :
     
In the innovation phase the fundamental buildings blogs of internet where conceptualized. Some of the building blogs are :
  • Client server computing.
  • Communication protocol i.e Transmission control protocol or Internet protocol.
  • Techniques like packet switching.
The original purpose of internet was to link together the main frames and other computer in different computers.

2. THE INSTITUTIONAL PHASE
     Large Institutes such as Department of Defense , National Science Foundation starts funding and using internet. Once the concept of internet was proven in the government subjected project, funding were done to built Robust Military Communication that could withstand nuclear bomb.
The first project that came up was called Advance Research Project Agency Network ( ARPAnet). It was first network built by military people. A small information transferred to each other so that no one can access it. then it was used by scientist and after laying the telephone cables, internet was made accessible to the common man.
In 1986 ,National Science Foundation took a responsibility to develop civilian internet called NSF net.   

3. THE COMMERCIALIZATION  PHASE :
     In the third phase the govt. agencies encourage private cooperation to take over and expand both internet backbone and provide local service to the ordinary citizens. E-Commerce I in 1994 came up with the first advertising on marketing strategies on Web. By 2000, internet usages was beyond Military Installation and Research Universities.

Comments

Garima Sood said…
great work suman :)
Seni varghese said…
gr8 work....
Deepika said…
Useful :D
sohail said…
Gud Great Job goahead..... n all d best!!!!
neha said…
nice content.

Popular posts from this blog

Advantages and Disadvantages of EIS Advantages of EIS Easy for upper-level executives to use, extensive computer experience is not required in operations Provides timely delivery of company summary information Information that is provided is better understood Filters data for management Improves to tracking information Offers efficiency to decision makers Disadvantages of EIS System dependent Limited functionality, by design Information overload for some managers Benefits hard to quantify High implementation costs System may become slow, large, and hard to manage Need good internal processes for data management May lead to less reliable and less secure data

Inter-Organizational Value Chain

The value chain of   a company is part of over all value chain. The over all competitive advantage of an organization is not just dependent on the quality and efficiency of the company and quality of products but also upon the that of its suppliers and wholesalers and retailers it may use. The analysis of overall supply chain is called the value system. Different parts of the value chain 1.  Supplier     2.  Firm       3.   Channel 4 .   Buyer

Big-M Method and Two-Phase Method

Big-M Method The Big-M method of handling instances with artificial  variables is the “commonsense approach”. Essentially, the notion is to make the artificial variables, through their coefficients in the objective function, so costly or unprofitable that any feasible solution to the real problem would be preferred, unless the original instance possessed no feasible solutions at all. But this means that we need to assign, in the objective function, coefficients to the artificial variables that are either very small (maximization problem) or very large (minimization problem); whatever this value,let us call it Big M . In fact, this notion is an old trick in optimization in general; we  simply associate a penalty value with variables that we do not want to be part of an ultimate solution(unless such an outcome is unavoidable). Indeed, the penalty is so costly that unless any of the  respective variables' inclusion is warranted algorithmically, such variables will ...