Shruti Speak's

The process of management requires a lot of data and information for execution of the plan. This requirement arises on account of the fact that in each step of management, a variety of decisions are taken to correct the course of development. The decisions or actions are promoted due to the feedback given by the control system incorporated in the management system. The control of overall performance is made possible by way of budget summaries or reports.The exception report identify the weakness in the system of management. If effective management system is to be assured, it has to rest on business information. The management performance improves if the business risks and uncertainties are handled effectively. The information support improves the lack of knowledge , enriches experience and improves analytical abilities leading to better business judgement.A good MIS must furnish information to the managers to expand their knowledge base. The MIS should provide the support to act and

T he physical view of MIS can be seen as as assembly of several subsystems based on the databases in the organisation. These subsystems range from data collection, transacion processing and validating, processing, analysing and storing the information in databases. The subsystems could be at a functional level or a corporate level. The information is evolved through them for a functional or a departmental management and it provides the information for the management of business at the corporate level.All the systems shown in the above diagram together are MISs.

The concept is a blend of principles, theories and practices of management, information and system giving rise to a single product called MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM . The concept of management gives high regard to the individual and his ability to use the information. MIS gives information through data analysis. While analyzing the information, it relies on many academic disciplines like management science, OR, organization behavior, psychology, etc. The foundation of MIS is the principles of management and its practices. MIS uses the concept of management control in its design and relies heavily on the fact that the decision maker is a human being and is a human processor of information. A MIS can be evolved for a specific objective it is evolved after systematic planning and design. It calls for an analysis of business, management views and policies, organization culture and the management style. The MIS,therefore relies heavily on systems theory.The systems theory offers soluti

A manager being a human being, behaves in a peculiar way in a given situation. The response of one manger may not be same as that of two mangers as they differ in behavior platforms. The mangers differ in their approach towards decision making in the organisation and therefore classified into two categories: Achievement oriented managers :Such type of mangers always looks for excellence.They always opt for the best and enterprising in every aspect of decision making. He will endeavor to develop all possible alternatives. He would be scientific and therefore more rational. Task oriented managers :Such type of managers looks for completion of the task somehow. They are not interested in identifying various new alternatives. Managers personal values will definitely influence ultimately.Some managers show nature of risk avoidance. They have a conservative approach to decision making,i.e. low risk and no risk. even though decision tools are available . Choice of

Information systems differ in their business needs and the information varies depending upon different levels in organization. information system can be broadly categorized into following : Transaction processing system Management Information System Decision support system The information needs are different at different organizational levels. Accordingly the information can be categorized into following: Strategic information Managerial information Operational information. Transaction Processing Systems It processes business transaction of the organization. Transaction can be any activity of the organization. For example, take a railway reservation system. Booking, canceling, etc are all transactions. Any query made to it is a transaction. This provides high speed and accurate processing of record keeping of basic operational processes and include calculation, storage and retrieval. Transaction processing systems provide speed and accuracy, a

Data refers to the lowest abstract or a raw input which when processed or arranged makes meaningful output.Data consists of facts and figures that are relatively meaningless to the user. It is not enough to have data (such as statistics on the economy). Data in themselves are fairly useless. In computer parlance, a spreadsheet generally starts out by holding data. When data are processed, organized, structured or presented in a given context so as to make them useful, they are called Information .In computer parlance, a relational database makes information from the data stored within it. Data is the computer's language. Information is our translation of this language. The transformation of data into information is performed by an information processor. The information processor is one of the key elements in the conceptual system and can include: Computer components Non-computer components Combination

INFORMATION MANAGEMENT The following are the 5 types of resources which a manager is required to manage effectively: 1. Material 2. Machines 3. Money 4. Personnel 5. Information Above 4 resources are categorized as physical and information is categorized as conceptual . INTEREST IN INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 1. Increasing complexity of business activity a. International economy b. Global competition c. Technology complications d. Time factor e. Social constraints 2. Improved computer capabilities a. Size b. Speed USERS OF INFORMATION 1. Managers Managers need information for solving problems. Embracing the MIS concept made several firms develop applications specifically aimed at management support. 2. Non-managers Non-managers and staff specialists also use the MIS output. 3. Persons & organizations in the firm’s environment Users outside the company for example- customers receiving invoices, stockholders getting dividend checks, and the federal government checking ta